Animal Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Animal Rights - Research Paper Example In many ways, elements of this group wish that animal rights would be even further reduced due to the fact that animal rights are antithetical to their personal and/or political vantage point. Similarly, on the opposing side, there are those individuals that are deeply troubled by the way our current society disregards the worth and dignity of other life forms. In fairness, among this group as well exists zealots that would advocate for an extreme solution to such an issue such as all individuals becoming vegetarians to affect a positive change on animal rights worldwide. As such, as rationally and scientifically as possible, this analysis will work to lay out a moderate framework from which the author will attempt to explain and understand the relevant arguments that exist on both sides of this debate. The following provides a brief summary of some of the arguments that each side of this debate put forward: The individuals who campaign for a greater degree of protection and animal rights argue the following: - Due to the fact that eating meat necessarily entails the slaughter of an animal, it also entails grief, anxiety, and a high degree of suffering on the part of the animal - Raising animals for slaughter is an inherently callous practice due to the fact that those individuals that are involved in the process begin to become hardened to the hardships and suffering that these animals undergo during this process. - Evidence from a number of physicians and studies have concluded that a meat-eating is not necessarily beneficial to the health of those who eat it. It is verifiable that if the entire planet became vegetarian, the amount of food that would be saved from feeding cattle stock and chickens plus swine and all the other meat that a great deal of our food supply goes towards would be more than sufficient to feed all of those that go without food. The other side of the debate urges multiple levels of justification and rationalization for the killing of animals for many reason: Animals are by nature stupid and incapable of understanding what their role in life is therefore it is not necessary to respect their rights to the same extent that we respect human rights. It is moral and acceptable to use the animal for the needs of the human being if such a use helps the human being(s) to continue to live and thrive

Do Problems Exist In The Present U.S Electoral System Essay Example for Free

Do Problems Exist In The Present U.S Electoral System Essay The US presidential electoral system is in effect a two-stage decision system. In the first stage, the voters from every state elect a certain number of members of electoral college, who are pledged, de facto if not de jure, to vote for a certain candidate. In the second stage, the Electoral College elects the president. Let us try to evaluate the process critically as briefly as possible. Under Article Two of the United States Constitution, as amended by the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, an Electoral College will elect the president. These electors are appointed by mechanisms chosen by each states legislature (prevailingly, by popular vote of the voters of each state). The individual who receives a majority of votes for president — 270 votes are needed for a majority — will be the president-elect of the United States; and the individual who receives a majority of electoral votes for vice president will be the vice president-elect of the United States. PRIMARY OR CAUCUS To start with, there were about 7 or 8 candidates for both the Republican Party (George W. Bushs party) and the same number for the Democratic Party (Hilarys party). So right now the US is in the primary election mode. Primary elections or caucus (that is what Iowa is called) is important because they will help eliminate candidates in both parties. The primary’s results are by the actual popular vote (if Hilary gets 20 votes and Obama gets 25 he would win that primary). However, a serious problem arises here. There are MANY valid political viewpoints, but you can only choose between two candidates. The primaries are the real election. A viable multi-party election system would be better. Of course, there are issues, but they are workable problems. ELECTORAL COLLEGE AND THE PROBLEM When you vote for a presidential candidate you are really voting to instruct the electors from your state to cast their votes for the same candidate. For example, if you vote for the Republican candidate, you are really voting for an elector who will be pledged to vote for the Republican candidate. The candidate who wins the popular vote in a state wins all the pledged votes of the states electors. Critics of the Electoral College system, of which there are more than a few, point out that the system allows the possibility of a candidate actually losing the nationwide popular vote, but being elected president by the electoral vote. Can that happen? Yes, and it has. AN ELABORATE PROCESS The United States is apparently unique among the worlds democracies in how the political parties determine the presidential nominee. The national political parties act like the owners of a franchise (the brand); state parties then operate within a set of national standards or guidelines. Violate those and you could lose your delegates, just ask the Florida Democratic party (the fourth most populous state in the country). Some states have primaries; others, caucuses. Some are open to all, regardless of party; others are closed to only those voters who have officially declared a party affiliation, noted on their voter registration cards. One might argue that this is federalism at its finest. The use of voting apparatus that mimics November elections, however, muddies the (separate) waters of nomination and election. References †¢ How the US electoral system works. http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article3108011. ec †¢ US election issues. http://search. ft. com/ftArticle? queryText=us+election+systemaje=falseid=080101000130ct=0nclick_check=1 †¢ US political system and voting. http://usgovinfo. about. com/od/thepoliticalsystem/US_Political_System_and _Voting. htm †¢ Problems abound in the election system. http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/articl

Post Implementation Review of Concur

Post Implementation Review of Concur 1. PURPOSE OF PROJECT CHARTER The purpose of the project charter is to setup the guidelines on which the entire project will go on. Project charter is basically to set the scope, budget, time and technology that will be used in the project after the discussion between client and team members. so, the post implementation review of concur will be done to assess whether extended destinations will meet, to decide how adequately the project will run and to learn lessons for the future, and to ensure that it will be beneficial for concur customers and users to get the conceivable advantage from the project.. Concur was developed by sniff and was further purchased by federation university and they use it for their staff which provides an estimate price for the travel expenses by getting feedbacks from the current users. when it regards to business travel and cost coordination it means everything. So with Concur our business travel and costs are coordinated by giving us a superior client encounter more precise information and wealthier answering to help us to settle on better choices and increment strategy control while sparing time and cash. There travel booking tools gives them arrangement worldwide travel content that is effortlessly open and constantly accessible from any place on the planet. Travelers have an expansive choice of travel decisions in light of corporate arrangement and individual traveler inclinations. Travelers can rapidly book local and global flights and reserve a spot for rental autos, hotels and trains. Once the trip is reserved travelers can oversee trip subtle ele ments like flight delay, cancellationÂÂ   and baggage claims.. Individual can do all these things in a single place. Concur also offer an web application to manage the trips. Concur make the record of all the bills like cab fare, air fare, hotel booking and food bills. There are several apps that are partnered with concur like Uber, Starbucks and they send their bill receipts directly to the Concur app which helps the user to take control of their expenses. 1. BUSINESS NEED IMPACT Concur system helps the people in making their travel easier by giving them the fair idea of the expenses before making a travel. Concur also helps in booking hotels, cabs, air tickets so that the traveler can travel without any worry and can make the arrangements on the spot. This helps business companies to grow while collaborating with Concur by increasing their customers. 2. STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT Project goals: Goal 1: Document the system impact and how it meets the objectives of the relevant stakeholder groups Goal 2: the major problem faced by concur team to deal with software .Its very complicated for the workers to work on this software. Goal 3: Identify the Concur glitches like after the completion of trip, some of the customers are getting e-mails to clear their dues which are already paid by customer. Goal 4: Update Concur with customer requirements like some customers recommend to stay in 3 star hotel rather than 5 star to save their money and some ask to use new technology updates. Goal 5: Address stakeholder and end-user needs 1. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the post implementation review of Concur are as follows: Better customer satisfaction in customer requirements, booking services, real time solution , real time updation in increased air fare and more options to select. Make required update in Concur solutions of problems that are faced by customers Data Analysation to get more correct expense estimate for the trip to be travelled in future. 2. HIGH-LEVEL REQUIREMENTS Req. # I Requirement Description 1 The project should match stakeholders requirements 2 The project should make Concur in control and reduce future risk 3 Identify the impact of Concur implemented 4 Based on the objective facts, judge the system shortfalls 5 Conduct user review and feedback of Concur system 6 Conduct further training and coaching of Concur system 1. TIMELINE Time Activity 08/03/2017 Project begins and weekly activity report start 15/03/2017 Meet with client 25/03/2017 Project charter approved 05/04/2017 Meet with client 07/05/2017 Project progress report approved 18/05/2017 Meet with client 27/05/2017 Team presentation 30/05/2017 Final project report approved 06/06/2017 Individual report 2. KEY MILESTONES Key Milestones Estimated Completion Timeframe Project team formed 28/02/2017-07/03/2017 End-user interview 08/03/2017-30/05/2017 Concur system research 08/03/2017-30/05/2017 Project charter approved 12/03/2017-26/03/2017 Project progress report 02/04/2017-07/05/2017 Team presentation 08/05/2017-27/05/2017 Final project report 08/05/2017-30/05/2017 Project released 30/05/2017-04/06/2017 1. ASSUMPTIONS Projects are actually judged against two parameters: How it is well defined? How well defined are methods to achieve it? Project should be divided in three structures Product breakdown structure Organization breakdown structure Work break down structure For good objectives it should meet following criteria. Outcome Oriented: Speaks to important changes in basic threat and opportunity figures that influence project goals. Measurable: Characterized in connection to some standard scale (numbers, rate, parts, or all/nothing states. Time Limited: Should be achievable within aÂÂ   given period. Specific: Clearly defined so that all people involved in the project have the same knowledge of what the terms in the objective mean . Practical: Appropriate or achievable within the context of the project and in light of the social and financial context. 2. CONSTRAINTS Sometime the roles of team member changes if they cant handle the problem Less training or knowledge of team to understand the project. The analysis report given to client not accepted in case demand changes. Policies selected for accomplishing the goal not liked by the client. Project managers having difficulty to handle team and client because of less experience. 3. RISKS Unreal expenses documents submission by the current users. Change in government policies. Hike in airfares and other traveling aspects. A delay in one task deteriorates the quality of project. Time and budget management risk. Risk Category: Requirement Risk Requirement not fully known at project start Not deliver the expected results to the client Risk Category: Project Management Risk Priorities changes while working on project Sometime same resources required at same time Success criteria not well defined Risk Category: Product/Technology Risk Market competition with the similar softwares. Update in technology may result in budget risk. Technology selected to achieve project goal is poor. Including extra analysis method that are not required. Risk Category: Customer Risk Customer demand new requirements under the given time. Customer not accept the proposal Customer force to work different technology rather than previously used. Client not supportive. 1. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES This section describes the key roles supporting the project. Person Role Responsibility Fiona Bryant (client) Client Provide information about concur to the team and share problem faced while working with concur. Surjeet singh (team member) Project manager Deliver the project to client expectations, Monitor and report to client on project progress, Advise client if project appears to be in danger of non delivery, control project scope and time, keep contact with team members for their working progress and difficulties, contact coordinator if client is unavailable; Work on plan and write project report of every part of the project with other team members, provide the report to client and supervisor. Taiwo Oseni (Supervisor) Coordinate project Give advice if client is unavailable, help the team to finish the project, help team members contact client if the team loose contact with client, balance the project requirement between team members and client, get project working process and project report from project manager and give advice. Harman (team member) Risk manager, researcher Control the project risk, support/provide responsive action for every times risk if happen; Work on plan and write project report of every part of the project with other team members, , discuss the project report detail with other team members; Amrit (team member) Documenter, Interviewer Work on plan and write project report of every part of the project with other team members, discuss the project report detail with other team members; discuss the client requirement with other team members and how to achieve the requirement; Interview end-user to get system feedback, check the coaching process and training materials Xinwen Hu (team member) Main documenter Execute issue management process when issues happen, Work on plan and write project report of every part of the project with other team members, discuss the project report detail with other team members, integrate all members report and provide it to project manager; Researching and help team members to get useful resources. 2. STAKEHOLDERS (INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL) Stakeholder Interest / stake Importance Fiona Bryant (Client) Make Concur able to use High Project manager Manage project , satisfy client ,fix meetings. Medium Team members Work on project, satisfy client Low Taiwo Oseni (Supervisor) Help team member finish the project Medium FedUni End-user Skilled to use Concur easily High The undersigned acknowledge they have reviewed the project charter and authorize and fund the post implementation review of Concur project. Changes to this project charter will be coordinated with and approved by the undersigned or their designated representatives. Signature: Date: Print Name: Title: Role: Signature: Date: Print Name: Title: Role: Signature: Date: Print Name: Title: Role:

Neurological Effects of Fos B Gene on Behavior of Mice Essay -- Biolog

The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the fos B gene and it's neurological effects on the behavior of mice through the analysis of "A Defect in Nurturing in Mice Lacking the Immediate Early Gene fos B" appearing in the July 26 issue of Cell. Through various chemical and behavioral tests it is found that fos B mothers demonstrate an inability to nurture their young. It was shown that the lack of expression of the fos B gene in certain areas of the brain was the probable cause of the lack of the nurturing response in the mutant mice. Background Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) When the central nervous system of an organism receives a stimulus, such as light, visual images, odors, etc., programs of gene expression are initiated. This expression of genes can start within minutes of receipt of the stimulus, and last for many hours in certain parts of the brain. The very first genes to be expressed are called the Immediate Early Genes. These genes can be transcribed almost immediately without the formation of new proteins. fos B: A Member of the fos Family The fos B gene belongs to a group of genes known as the fos family. The fos family has four members: c-fos, fos B, fra-1, and fra-2. The members of the fos family work in conjunction with a group called the Jun family. The protein that is produced as a result of fos gene expression can be dimerized with Jun prodeits utilizing a leucine zipper domain. This unit then binds to a certain region of DNA. The fos family of genes are expressed during a variety of adaptive neural responses. It has been found that fos related proteins are activated in areas of the nervous system that are needed for nurturing behavior. Creating a fos B lacking Population In or... ...e results of these tests point to a defect in a region of the brain that is specific for nuturing. So, areas of the brain were fos B was expressed were analyzed. It was seen that the fos B gene was expressed in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, as well as the pyriform cortex. All of these areas have been shown, in previous studies, to be related to the nuturing response. As a result, the lack of expression of the fos B gene is directly related to the lack of nuturing behavior in mutants, probably due to a lack of gene expression in one, or more of these areas. Bibliography 1. Brown, J.R., Ye, H., Bronson, R. T., Dikkes, P., Greenberg, M. E. "A Defect in Nurturing in Mice Lacking the Immediate Early Gene fosB." Cell 86 (1996): 297 - 309. 2. Cohen, John. "Does Nature Drive Nurture?" Science 273 (1996): 577

Assess Critically Three Causes of World War One Essay

Assess Critically Three Causes of World War One BY 155 Assess critically three causes of the First World War The First World War began in Europe in 1914, after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. This trigger action caused the involvement of Germany, Russia, Serbia and Austria-Hungary. However, the war itself was caused by nationalism, alliances and Germanys fear of encirclement. Nationalism was the central cause of World War One because, due to the nationalism of the Slavs, the Balkan states became a powder keg. Austria-Hungary ade the Serbs fear annexation while the Slavs inside the country wanted a Pan- Slavic State. The assassination of the Archduke occurred due to the Serbs nationalism, to warn Austria-Hungary to stay away from Serbia. However, it had the completely opposite effect because Austria-Hungary now had a valid reason to give Serbia an Ultimatum that would allow them to attack the country. Austrians did not only do this because they wanted Serbia but also because they realised that the Slavic nationalism could cause another loss of their land as they had experienced in he Second Balkan War in 1913. There was also a significant number of Slave living inside the borders of Austria-Hungary who’s wish for a Pan-Slavic State could not be ignored and so they needed to be shown their limits. The nationalistic Slavs were a serious threat to Austria-Hungary and it was clear that this nationalism would result in a war. The alliances on the other hand, should not be left unspoken of due to the fact that they delocalized the war and caused distrust between countries. The Triple Entente (France, Russia, Britain) on one side and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) on the other made it impossible for Austria-Hungarys conflict with Serbia to stay local. An especially important aspect of the Triple Alliance was that it only lasted from 1882 until 1914, because at the start of World War One Italy switched sides and went to the Allied Powers. This only contributed to the growing distrust that the alliances caused amongst the European powers because each country feared to be attacked. However, the alliances would never have become relevant if the Slavs nationalism in Austria-Hungary hadn’t made a war inevitable hat soon made the alliances come into effect. Germany rushed to Austria-Hungarys aid and Russia came to help Serbia so soon most countries in Europe had to assist their allies. A last cause that is very significant is Germanys fear of encirclement and the other countries fear of Germany. Kaiser Wilhelm II feared encirclement by Russia and France for a very long time because, not only did France want revenge for the land losses in the Franco-Prussian War but they were also allied with Russia. This meant that Germany faced the serious risk of a two front war. Yet, what Germany didn’t now, was that the other European countries feared it Just as much or even more than it feared them. Germany had the biggest army and a lot of economic power during the time Just before the war. These fears helped cause the war because they state of war preparation. However, these fears were tightly connected to nationalism because if all these countries hadn’t been nationalistic and wanted territory and, in France’s case, revenge, the war would probably not have started out the way it did. Considering these three causes it is clear to see that nationalism was the main ause but the alliances and Germanys fear played a major role in the outbreak of World War One. Many historians such as Fritz Fischer believe that Germany was the only one to blame due to it’s apparently obvious wish for war, but it is clear that the nationalism in the Balkan states was the most significant cause. The alliances caused the war to be on a larger scale but this could ultimately only happen because of the trigger event in the Balkans. Though there are many plausible and arguable causes for World War One, nationalism is definitely the most important one.

A comparason of Finny in A Seperate Peace to Thomas Jefferson essays

A comparason of Finny in A Seperate Peace to Thomas Jefferson essays Comparison Paragraph of Thomas Jefferson to Finny in Separate Peace I dont care what people think, I am still going to wear a pink shirt. That was what finny thought in the book a Separate Peace. In this paragraph, Finny and Thomas Jefferson will be compared to each other in many different ways. There will be Self-respect, Honesty, and Skill. Thomas Jefferson also did not have a problem with what people thought about his clothes. One person saw this and said he wore ill-fitting, much worn clothes. Self-respect was a big thing to both Thomas Jefferson and to Finny. Thomas Jefferson was well educated. He became an architect and was heavily involved in politics. Like above, he did not care what he wore or what was said about him. Finny was always in good condition because he was involved in a lot of sports such as; hockey, football, baseball, and wrestling. When he broke his leg in the book, he kept good care of it by waiting for it to heal by having Gene train in his spot to get to the Olympics. Finny believed he could get better and be the same again even when he knew that he was not going to be able to play again. Honesty was important thing to Thomas Jefferson because he was very involved with the Declaration of Independence. He was so honest that some parts were so insulting to King Charles that it was written out in the rough drafts. He was honest about not wanting to get involved in politics but did so for the good of his country. Finny was a good friend because he said that you need to be honest and he was honest to everyone. He always spoke his mind even if it was not a good time to do so. At a meeting with the headmaster of Devon (the school where they were) Finny wore a tie as a belt and said, Im glad I put something on for a belt! He was telling what he thought. An honest characteristic. Skill to Thomas Jefferson was an important thing because he was a well-educ...

Quotes About the Importance of Words

Quotes About the Importance of Words Words can incite anger or invoke passion. They can bring people together or tear them apart. Words can uphold the truth or nurture a lie. We use words to encompass history, to describe the natural universe, and even to conjure realistic visions of things that exist only in fantasy. In fact, in some mythology, spoken words are thought to be so powerful that they can create worlds, creatures, and human beings. Here are some quotes about words from writers, poets, political figures, philosophers, and other notable minds. All our words are but crumbs that fall down from the feast of the mind.- Kahlil Gibran (from Sand and Foam) As we must account for every idle word, so must we account for every idle silence.- Benjamin Franklin Be careful of the words you say,Keep them short and sweet.You never know, from day to day,Which ones youll have to eat.- Anonymous A great many people think that polysyllables are a sign of intelligence.- Barbara Walters But words are things, and a small drop of ink,Falling like dew, upon a thought, producesThat which makes thousands, perhaps millions, think.- George Gordon, Lord Byron By words we learn thoughts, and by thoughts we learn life.- Jean Baptiste Girard Colors fade, temples crumble, empires fall, but wise words endure.- Edward Thorndike Duty is the sublimest word in our language. Do your duty in all things. You cannot do more. You should never wish to do less.- Robert E. Lee For me, words are a form of action, capable of influencing change. Their articulation represents a complete, lived experience.- Ingrid Bengis The good man brings good things out of the good stored up in his heart, and the evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in his heart. For out of the overflow of his heart his mouth speaks.- Luke 6:45 Good words are worth much, and cost little.- George Herbert However many holy words you read,However many you speak,What good will they do youIf you do not act on upon them?- Buddha I like good strong words that mean something.- Louisa May Alcott (from Little Women) If language is as inextricably tied up with consciousness as it seems to be, then the continuing diminishment of our inclination to use it to express in letters the times in which we live could mean that an element of human consciousness itself is on the verge of disappearing.- Anonymous If words are to enter mens minds and bear fruit, they must be the right words shaped cunningly to pass mens defenses and explode silently and effectually within their minds.- J. B. Phillips If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.- Nelson Mandela If you would be pungent, be brief; for it is with words as with sunbeams- the more they are condensed, the deeper they burn.- Robert Southey In a sense, words are encyclopedias of ignorance because they freeze perceptions at one moment in history and then insist we continue to use these frozen perceptions when we should be doing better.- Edward de Bono It has not been for nothing that the word has remained mans principal toy and tool: without the meanings and values it sustains, all mans other tools would be worthless.- Lewis Mumford It seems to me that those songs that have been any good, I have nothing much to do with the writing of them. The words have just crawled down my sleeve and come out on the page.- Joan Baez Its always a bit of a struggle to get the words right, whether were a Hemingway or a few fathoms below his level.- Rene J. Cappon Kind words are a creative force, a power that concurs in the building up of all that is good, and energy that showers blessings upon the world.- Lawrence G. Lovasik The most valuable of all talents is that of never using two words when one will do.- Thomas Jefferson My task which I am trying to achieve is by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feel- it is, before all, to make you see. That- and no more, and it is everything.- Joseph Conrad Often when I write I am trying to make words do the work of line and color. I have the painters sensitivity to light. Much ... of my writing is verbal painting.- Elizabeth Bowen One of the hardest things in life is having words in your heart that you cant utter.- James Earl Jones Our words should be purrs instead of hisses.- Kathrine Palmer Peterson Poetry is a deal of joy and pain and wonder, with a dash of the dictionary.- Kahlil Gibran The real art of conversation is not only to say the right thing at the right place but to leave unsaid the wrong thing at the tempting moment.- Dorothy Nevill The six most important words: I admit I made a mistake.The five most important words: You did a good job.The four most important words: What is your opinion?The three most important words: If you please.The two most important words: Thank you.The one least important word: I.- Anonymous So difficult it is to show the various meanings and imperfections of words when we have nothing else but words to do it with.- John Locke The teachings of elegant sayings should be collected when one can. For the supreme gift of words of wisdom, any price will be paid.- Siddha Nagarjuna To me, the greatest pleasure of writing is not what its about, but the music the words make.- Truman Capote Words are the model, words are the tools, words are the boards, words are the nails.- Richard Rhodes Watch your thoughts, they become your wordsWatch your words, they become your actionsWatch your actions, they become your habitsWatch your habits, they become your characterWatch your character, it becomes your destiny.- Anonymous When I read great literature, great drama, speeches, or sermons, I feel that the human mind has not achieved anything greater than the ability to share feelings and thoughts through language.- James Earl Jones A word is deadWhen it is said,Some say.I say it justBegins to liveThat day.- Emily Dickinson (A Word is Dead) Words are chameleons, which reflect the color of their environment.- Learned Hand Words are not as satisfactory as we should like them to be, but, like our neighbors, we have got to live with them and must make the best and not the worst of them.- Samuel Butler Words are potent weapons for all causes, good or bad.- Manly Hall Words are the most powerful thing in the universe... Words are containers. They contain faith, or fear, and they produce after their kind.- Charles Capps Words do two major things: They provide food for the mind and create light for understanding and awareness.- Jim Rohn Words, like nature, half reveal and half conceal the soul within.- Alfred, Lord Tennyson Words may show a mans wit, but actions his meaning.- Benjamin Franklin Words- so innocent and powerless as they are, as standing in a dictionary, how potent for good and evil they become, in the hands of one who knows how to combine them!- Nathaniel Hawthorne A writer lives in awe of words for they can be cruel or kind, and they can change their meanings right in front of you. They pick up flavors and odors like butter in a refrigerator.- Anonymous You see these dictators on their pedestals, surrounded by the bayonets of their soldiers and the truncheons of their police. Yet in their hearts there is unspoken- unspeakable!- fear. They are afraid of words and thoughts! Words spoken abroad, thoughts stirring at home, all the more powerful because they are forbidden. These terrify them. A little mouse- a little tiny mouse!- of thought appears in the room, and even the mightiest potentates are thrown into panic.- Winston Churchill

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Essays

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Essays Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Essay Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Essay Which critically ill patients should receive TPN? Prof R D Griffiths in conjunction with Fresenius-Kabi Why are these guidelines required? In the critical care setting, nutritional support influences the outcome for critically ill patients. This guideline seeks to outline the important role of parenteral nutrition in the critically ill patient. Enteral and parenteral nutrition The enteral route for nutrition delivery is preferred where it can be safely delivered in the absence of gastrointestinal intolerance. For a small proportion of patients enteral feeding is not possible but in addition for a larger proportion of patients research consistently shows that enteral nutrition does not always cover the total nutritional needs of intensive care unit patients. There has been a reluctance to use parenteral nutrition (PN) or to supplement enteral (EN) or oral nutrition with parenteral nutrition (PN) for the perceived risk that to do so increases the infection and mortality risk. Systematic review evidence acquired from studies in the critically ill shows that while there may be an increased risk of infection there is no added mortality risk [ 1 ]. Parenteral nutrition has changed considerably over the last forty years and many of the complications were a feature of historical PN practice associated with its inappropriate use, unbalanced formulations and liberal overfeeding. Even the risk of infection may be more related to the underlying patient disease and indication for PN rather than modern PN formulations and delivery in ICU. Malnourishment It has been estimated that around 40% of all patients in hospital are undernourished and this is associated with further complications. Acute critically ill patients lose on average approximately 5-10% of skeletal muscle mass per week during their ICU stay [ 3 ]. Complications such as septicaemia in these patients are to a large extent caused by malnutrition and impaired immunological function [ 2 ]. Complications versus choice of nutrition route When correctly applied, the complications of PN are less likely to result in death compared with those of EN. Recent studies conclude that PN compared with early EN is risk-neutral overall [ 3 ]. It is reassuring that in critically ill patients, when used with EN in the ICU as a supplement, PN has been confirmed to be risk-neutral or may even offer benefits. However from current data it is not possible to justify the extra cost of supplemental PN when started concurrently with EN at the start of an ICU admission [ 1 ] but more importantly there are no studies where it has been started in the more appropriate situation after EN has been shown to fail in already malnourished ICU patients. It has been demonstrated that nutritional goals were reached in 22% of ICU patients fed via EN compared with 75% with PN [ 2 ]. It must be remembered that under nutrition is a debt that must eventually be repaid and this is also worse if it is compounded! The ACCEPT study showed that survival from intensive care was improved when an evidence based guideline for nutrition was followed and more nutrition delivered more consistently. This was achieved by earlier introduction and more complete enteral nutrition delivery without any decline in the use of PN alone or in supplementation. Using the guidelines These guidelines have been developed using a step-by-step approach as follows: Step 1ASSESSMENTDoes the patient require nutritional support? Step 2ADMINISTRATIONWhich route(s) should be used? Step 3ACHIEVEMENT (REVIEW)Are nutrition goals being met? Step 1 Nutritional Risk Screening (adapted from NRS 2002 ESPEN) Does this patient require nutritional support? Initial screening of patients is recommended in these guidelines but it is assumed that ALL patients fulfill the criteria for requiring a final screening assessment which follows. The adaptation assumes an affirmative answer to the question â€Å"Is the patient severely ill? (e. g. in intensive care) Impaired nutritional statusSeverity of disease (increase in requirements) Score 0Normal nutritional statusScore 0Normal nutritional requirements Score 1 Wt loss 5% in 3 months or foodScore 1Hip fracture. Chronic patients in (Mild)intake below 50-75% of normal particular acute complications of requirements in preceding weekcirrhosis, COPD. Chronic diabetes haemodialysis, oncology. Score 2Wt loss 5% in 2 months or BMIScore 2Major abdominal surgery, stroke, (Moderate)18. -20. 5 + impaired general condition orsevere pneumonia, haematologic food intake 25-60% of normal requirement malignancy. in preceding week. Score 3Wt loss 15% in 3 months or BMI Score 3Head injury, Bone marrow transplant (Severe)18. 5 + impaired general condition orIntensive Care Patients (APACHE 10) food intake 0-25% of normal requirement in preceding week SCORE+ SCORE= TOTAL SCORE AGE ADJUSTMENT (IF PATIENT ? 70 YRS ADD 1 TO TOTAL SCORE)= TAAS SCORE INTERPRETATION SCORE ? 3The patient is nutritionally at risk and a nutritional plan should be initiated. SCORE 3Weekly re-screening of the patient. If the patient is scheduled for a major operation a preventative nutrition plan should be considered to avoid associated risk status. Step 2Administration route(s) Nutritional support does influence the outcome of critically ill patients and evidence suggests that the consistent achievement of nutritional goals is important and this should if feasible be through the enteral route [ 7 ]. Evidence suggests that for most patients this is just as effectively and safely delivered through a naso-gastric tube compared to tubes sited after the stomach [ 1 ]. It must be recognized that problems do occur with all forms of enteral delivery and that delivery is more often attained by the parenteral route3 and this is apparent in critically ill patients where enteral nutrition is inappropriate, contraindicated or has failed. Parenteral nutrition should be used when the GI tract is not functional or cannot be accessed or when the patient’s nutrient needs are greater than those which can be met through the GI tract. However it should not be commenced in the non-malnourished as a supplement until approaches to enteral delivery have been optimized [ 1 ]. Assess the integrity and function of the bowel using the following prompts: IF THE ANSWER IS â€Å"NO† TO EITHER QUESTION – TIME TO CONSIDER PN Is the digestive tract functioning? Is the patient well nourished and recovery of gut function expected within 3 days? IF THE ANSWER IS â€Å"YES† TO EITHER QUESTION – TIME TO CONSIDER PN While using an enteral feeding protocol does the presence of excess gastric aspirates (e. g. persistently 150mls after measures to improve gastric emptying) lead to reduced enteral intake. Does the nutrition equirements of the disease or injury exceed that which can be delivered safely via the enteral route? Some patients with an intact GI tract do not tolerate enteral feeds or do not receive sufficient intake enterally or orally to meet their energy and protein requirements. The reasons for poor gastric emptying should be considered. Simple measures such as turning to the right side or reducing opiate intake may be tried along w ith short trials of either Metoclopramide or Erythromycin if other causes have been excluded. However gastrointestinal intolerance is an important and worrying sign and is associated with increased pneumonia and risk of death independently of illness severity . The supine posture is also associated with increased risk of aspiration pneumonia and if patients cannot be nursed in the semi-erect position parenteral nutrition may be a safer option whether it is used as a supplement or as the sole source of nutrition in these patients [ 6 ]. Choice of feed and amounts In the critical care setting estimation or measurement of precise requirements is fraught with error. A target of 25 kcal/kg/day for the first week is acceptable. Protein intake is the central component as this cannot be stored metabolically. Most evidence supports 1. 5 gm/kg/day as a reasonable target. Requirements change during an illness and generally increase in the second week and when patients become more active. Simple methods using patient size bands based upon accessible measures of body size (height or weight) should be used to calculate target amounts. More sophisticated individual patient calculations have not been shown to be any more accurate. Polymeric complete enteral feeds should be used for most patients and infused continuously. Evidence for the use of specific formulations is lacking, except that the immunonutrition cocktails that contain extra arginine should NOT be given [ 1 ] outside of the peri-operative setting where evidence exists. An all-in-one complete balanced parenteral formulation should be used and evidence based recommendations suggests where practical these should contain glutamine [ 1 ]. They should be delivered continuously through a dedicated lumen that should not be used for any other access. Some of the energy should come from lipid sources but there is paucity of evidence to suggest any particular lipid formulations although this may change as more advanced formulations come on the market. Caution should be applied when other lipid containing infusions are also in use (e. g. propofol). Lipid infusion is safe at rates up to 1. 5 gm/kg/day, and glucose should be given at 3-4 gm/kg/day. Use simple standardized regimens for most patients. Within ICU acute electrolyte management (e. g. potassium and phosphate) is more readily managed by separate infusions if safe systems exist. Patients on renal support will have increased nutritional losses so maintain on full feeding. Important when using either EN or PN Nutrition should be commenced at reduced rates especially in the malnourished until metabolic tolerance established. Increase to full target over a 3 day period and monitor for re-feeding syndrome. It is possible to overfeed with PN but unless glucose intake exceeds 4-5 gm/kg/day hyperglycaemia indicates peripheral insulin resistance and the need for additional insulin and not reduction in feed volume. Step 3 Are nutrition goals being achieved? Set targets and check nutrition intake daily and act upon the findings. It is recommended that calorie (and nitrogen) intake is calculated daily in addition to the fluid balance. Has the patient received the amount of nutrition prescribed over previous days? Nutritional support, once instigated, should be monitored to confirm the safety of treatment. The following guide illustrates the type of monitoring required. The tests required will depend upon duration and method of feeding. The frequency of testing will vary depending on the illness severity. Fluid balance and calorie intake and if possible weight. Urea and electrolytes daily (watch K+ as feeds may have only a modest K+ content) Blood glucose monitored frequently and preferably as part of a tight glycaemic control. Phosphate (This should be monitored closely especially when starting feeds in the malnourished) Plasma lipid clearance or triglycerides Full blood count Liver function tests, Calcium Magnesium Calculation or measurement of nitrogen balance is not reliable in the routine setting. Nutrition support algorithm summary ASSESS Is nutritional support required? 40% of patients admitted to hospital are undernourished REASSESS Supplemental PN? ADMINISTER Which route? Is enteral feeding practical and safe? If not consider PN ACHIEVE and REVIEW Are you satisfying the nutrient needs of the patient? N Y WEANING STRATEGY If on EN can oral intake be started? If on PN can EN be started?

Case Analysis - Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Analysis - Management - Essay Example The strengths and weaknesses of NASCAR go hand-in-hand, as often overlap each other. The biggest weakness is trying to make everyone happy. While Brian France wants to do one thing, his sponsors and other people in power, such as those at Nextel and ISC, want something completely different. The larger argument is that NASCAR is now being treated as though it were a source of entertainment, something that Brian claims is true. However, he is treating it as such for the sakes of the audience and fans. The external environment of NASCAR involves sponsors, fans, Nextel, and ISC. These are the groups and individual people that have the power to make things happen, as well as the power to stop other things from taking place. They are the ones to supply the money and the tracks. The fans play a large role, considering there would be no NASCAR if there were not people to watch and cheer the racers on. Brian France is the person whom the responsibilities of NASCAR were passed down to, after his father, Bill Jr., gave them up himself. All of the decisions to be made are now in the hands of Brian, as well as his sponsors and the company that is attached to NASCAR, ISC. There is much controversy between Brian and the others that are helping him out; constant debates are arising in regards to what there next steps should be concerning spreading NASCAR. Brian sees expanding the locations of races and the companies that broadcast them as benefiting the audience and fans, while his company believes he is in it for his own publicity, as well as for personal monetary benefits. As the costs go up to maintain the racing tracks, as well as the team, equipment, and other goods to keep the races running, Brian must convince his sponsors and companies to keep spending. To do this, Brian must convince them of his intentions, and prove to them that it is not for personal gain. Another thing that needs to be considered is that there are other tracks already available; it is

Mini Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mini Project - Assignment Example The cost of debt refers to the effective rate in which a firm pays to use debt finance. The value is considered to be the proportion of interest on the entire debt value. However, this can be viewed in two approaches namely cost of debt before tax and cost of debt after tax. As such, cost of capital before tax will therefore refer to the effective rate an organization pays for it to use debt finance without incorporating tax while cost of debt after tax will refer to effective rate in which an organization will pay to use debt finance while considering tax. In relation to GE, the company pays 5.56% for its debt finance annually before tax. The value will translate to 5.35% cost of debt after tax. This implies that the proportion of interest on entire debt value before considering tax is 5.56% while the proportion of interest considering tax is 5.35%. Also, the measure of the cost of debt reflects the risk level of an organization when compared to others. Therefore, when a company rec ords a higher rate in its cost of debt than another, then it means investing in that company will be more risky. Therefore, a firm that has a cost of debt before tax greater than 5.56% and cost of debt after tax greater than 5.35% is more risky to invest in than GE. Cost of capital is another element that factors greatly in evaluating company performance. Cost of capital refers to the theoretical return an organization will pay for its equity finance as compensation for the risk they undertake in investing in that firm. Currently, GE has a cost of equity rate of 8.81%. The value is averaged by summing the risk free rate with measures of the reward for bearing systematic risk. Therefore, this implies that GE pays 8.81% annually over the long term as compensation to their equity finance providers. However, computing the rate using CAPM has some inherent flaws. The reason behind this view is that the approach uses S&P

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 15

History - Essay Example One can hardly deny that there was some influence, but whether the Enlightenment was the primary reason for the French Revolution, or even significantly influenced it, is under question, though there can be no doubt that Enlightenment ideals and thoughts were put into practice during the French Revolution. With careful consideration, one might draw the conclusion that the French Revolution and the Enlightenment created a mutual influence that resulted in the central ideals and visions that fed the Revolution, perpetuated it, and gave it thoughts that were put into practice. Ultimately, this caused a new type of society in France, even as the Enlightenment created a new type of philosophical basis for scientific thinking. According to the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy (2010), the Enlightenment involved revolutions not only in scientific thought, but also in the directions of philosophy, religion, society, and politics. In these areas, centuries-old ways of life were swept away and gave way to reason, logic, and a sense of equality among human beings. For example, one of the basic tenets of the Enlightenment, the fact that all men are entitled to basic human rights, was brought into practice even before the actual French Revolution began. It was expounded on in The Declaration of the Rights of Man and The Citizen, published in the French National Assembly in 1789 (â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man and The Citizen†). This document was the first document to set out these ideals and concepts with regards to the country of France itself; concepts which, above all, included freedom, liberty, and equality, founded upon the principles of human reason. It is but one example of how Enlighten ment ideals were put into practice in regards to the French Revolution, as the people of France were, in effect, finally stating that enough was enough, and demanding what they felt were their basic human rights (â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man and The

Cloud Migration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cloud Migration - Research Paper Example The Amazon may be able to exploit the service opportunity provided by the Amazon Web Services (HORNE, 2011). In the year 2011, the Amazon Web Services (AWS) was responsible for the profit gain of approximately $1.19 billion as estimated in a report. In October, same year the business was estimated as a billion-dollar run rate and out of which around $108 million or 9% was mentioned as a pure profit for Amazon Web Services. However the company was able to maintain its profit gaining history constantly by lowering the cost spent on cloud services. This is acknowledged because the company utilizes a cost-plus pricing model. In addition, the cost of delivering the services adds up to 10% premium that continues to fall as, Amazon leverages its economies of scale to purchase and operate more gear and bandwidth at less prices. Though, the margin related to profit remains flat as mentioned in a report. Conversely, the Amazon Web Services (AWS) compromises on a particular portion of Amazonâ⠂¬â„¢s overall technology expense in order to drive slowly, predictable profit from it is a good thing. The analysts estimate that the non-AWS technology expenditures is approximately 4 percent of the total sales â€Å"representing the largest opportunity for operating margin expansion in the near-term.† The cost lowering technique leads the company towards great percentage of profit. Conversely, the report submitted by the Morgan Stanley does not represent the possibility for the Amazon Web Service (AWS) to actually start rising on a margin because the company is expanding its services beyond pure infrastructure and managed services (HORNE, 2011). The database services NoSQL DynamoDB for instance; it provides a service for the Amazon that helps the company to add value or cost outside the delivery services of Cloud-based infrastructure. There is also stories of a huge data analytics services that are able to provide higher-level services as compared to Amazon Web Service (AW S) and its current Elastic Map Reduce offerings. However, there is still a possibility of AWS expanding its licensing activities as it is embedded as the de facto clod computing platforms for several companies, other service providers and software specialist. Adobe The Adobe has announced two new achievements in order to remain relevant as a desktop computing. Following are the two new acquisitions a creative cloud to augment its Creative Suite software and a handful of touch-based tablets apps. Equally, the company has launched its existing released Flash Player 11 and Air 33 updates. Adobe said that it had acquired Type kit, an online font provider, and that it has signed an agreement  to acquire Nitobi, creator of the open-source HTML5-based mobile development framework Phone Gap and Build, a hosted development and app creation service (Rossello, 2011). In a conference call for the press, Adobe VP of product management Lea Hickman described the company's news as a major initiat ive that radically redefines the creative process. CTO Kevin Lynch called the company's Creative Cloud "a major component in the transformation of

Advanced pharmacology case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advanced pharmacology case study - Assignment Example It is recommended that a patient suffering from this kind of diseases should be disciplined as far as observing any medical dose or attention is concerned. Especially if a patient is suffering from diseases which take long to heal or sometimes do not heal at all like diabetes 2, the patient is supposed to observe the medical directions as prescribed by the doctor. Diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart failure diabetes 2 and ulcers should be keenly be attended with the right prescription from the doctor or medical expert. Patients should been keen to follow the medical instruction from the physician concerned and if in any case they doubt their reaction with medicine, then they should consult the physician concerned (Blobel, 2009). This paper is going to discus the background and history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and paroxysmal a trial fibrillation patient who is suffering from all this diseases and tries seek a possible direction about how the medication should be followed by the people suffering from this kind of diseases. Atrial fibrillation is caused by rapid or irregular heartbeat and sometimes it can be paroxysmal or something which cannot end in nature thus permanent. It is usually caused by the failure of the heart tissues or nodes. The automatic heart nervous system dysfunction or sometimes it can be a combination of both. This condition involves chaotic movement of arterial impulses and thus loss of synchrony between the atria and verticals. This kind of irregular heart beat is usually caused by heart abnormality that causes the heart to fail from taking regular heart beats as it should be doing. The electrical impulses across the atria occur abnormally thus causing the failure. This kind of disease at some turn to be resistant an persist then go to a permanent

The Realities of Post-Modern Society Have Made the Concepts of Youth Essay

The Realities of Post-Modern Society Have Made the Concepts of Youth Culture and Youth Subculture Redundant - Essay Example In this paper, I plan to analyze youth subcultures of the past; their significant characteristics, also seek a definition of ‘postmodernism’ and how it fits our world and culture, as well as the effect that changes in the post- postmodern world have had on youth cultures.I also hope to justify the theory that globalization, and free media practices have helped form a globally uniform youth culture; or rather, a culture where the youth aren’t liable to set themselves apart, but prefer to stick to societal norms. Youth Subcultures refer to the cultural preferences and tendencies exhibited by groups of young people which differ from the practices of the dominant groups. Youth cultures often differentiate themselves from others in respect to their musical tastes, distinctive fashion and shared names, which are names that the sub-groups in the youth culture assign to themselves and each other to differentiate them from the others. These names are like rappers, punks, g eeks, and nerds for example (ENCARTA). Frequently, youth subcultures are formed due to differences in social class, gender and ethnicity. The need of youth to express their distinction from (or as a way of rebelling against) the dominant culture by using a different mode of expression, or changing their lifestyle— which reflect their attempt to solve simplify what they perceive are flaws in a society’s make up.'s make up. Youth cultures are often said to have gained popularity after World War II and the boom in the consumer-based boom in the economy which created a market specifically for the youth. However historic evidences also exist of youth cultural groups differentiating themselves from the other age related groups. However most of these youth cultural groups have been found in western society. However in recent years there has been a change observed in the overall atmosphere as instead of youths being specifically divided into sub-groups of their own youth culture, they often tend to shift from one social group to another in no fixed pattern (Kahn and Kellner). The choice of becoming a member of any group they wish is the contemporary aspect to the postmodern society. And this is what will be analyzed throughout the course of this assignment. History of Youth Subcultures Since the 1950's, distinctive youth subcultures have come to the forefront. They seek to be different through their music, their clothing, and their lifestyles. Similarly, members of subcultures seek to show their individuality by being (ironically) choosing to be part of a clique, and sharing a title. Youth subcultures have become an object of study from the 1950's onwards. It has been theorized that the growth of a consumer-oriented society, and the media and advertisers focus on youth and beauty have made youth the dominant culture of Western societies. Subculture theorists study the symbolism attached to clothing, music, and other distinguishing articles (such as body art, and dialect) by members of the subculture and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. According to wikipedia.com, Subculture theorist Dick Hebdige states that the a young individual shows his willingness to be a part of a subculture by making concrete choices in his clothing styles, hairstyles and footwear. However, abstract elements, such as common interests, dialects and slang, music genres and gathering places can also become deciding factors. Youth subcultures are popular as they provide young people with

Cloud Migration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cloud Migration - Research Paper Example The Amazon may be able to exploit the service opportunity provided by the Amazon Web Services (HORNE, 2011). In the year 2011, the Amazon Web Services (AWS) was responsible for the profit gain of approximately $1.19 billion as estimated in a report. In October, same year the business was estimated as a billion-dollar run rate and out of which around $108 million or 9% was mentioned as a pure profit for Amazon Web Services. However the company was able to maintain its profit gaining history constantly by lowering the cost spent on cloud services. This is acknowledged because the company utilizes a cost-plus pricing model. In addition, the cost of delivering the services adds up to 10% premium that continues to fall as, Amazon leverages its economies of scale to purchase and operate more gear and bandwidth at less prices. Though, the margin related to profit remains flat as mentioned in a report. Conversely, the Amazon Web Services (AWS) compromises on a particular portion of Amazonâ⠂¬â„¢s overall technology expense in order to drive slowly, predictable profit from it is a good thing. The analysts estimate that the non-AWS technology expenditures is approximately 4 percent of the total sales â€Å"representing the largest opportunity for operating margin expansion in the near-term.† The cost lowering technique leads the company towards great percentage of profit. Conversely, the report submitted by the Morgan Stanley does not represent the possibility for the Amazon Web Service (AWS) to actually start rising on a margin because the company is expanding its services beyond pure infrastructure and managed services (HORNE, 2011). The database services NoSQL DynamoDB for instance; it provides a service for the Amazon that helps the company to add value or cost outside the delivery services of Cloud-based infrastructure. There is also stories of a huge data analytics services that are able to provide higher-level services as compared to Amazon Web Service (AW S) and its current Elastic Map Reduce offerings. However, there is still a possibility of AWS expanding its licensing activities as it is embedded as the de facto clod computing platforms for several companies, other service providers and software specialist. Adobe The Adobe has announced two new achievements in order to remain relevant as a desktop computing. Following are the two new acquisitions a creative cloud to augment its Creative Suite software and a handful of touch-based tablets apps. Equally, the company has launched its existing released Flash Player 11 and Air 33 updates. Adobe said that it had acquired Type kit, an online font provider, and that it has signed an agreement  to acquire Nitobi, creator of the open-source HTML5-based mobile development framework Phone Gap and Build, a hosted development and app creation service (Rossello, 2011). In a conference call for the press, Adobe VP of product management Lea Hickman described the company's news as a major initiat ive that radically redefines the creative process. CTO Kevin Lynch called the company's Creative Cloud "a major component in the transformation of

The Realities of Post-Modern Society Have Made the Concepts of Youth Essay

The Realities of Post-Modern Society Have Made the Concepts of Youth Culture and Youth Subculture Redundant - Essay Example In this paper, I plan to analyze youth subcultures of the past; their significant characteristics, also seek a definition of ‘postmodernism’ and how it fits our world and culture, as well as the effect that changes in the post- postmodern world have had on youth cultures.I also hope to justify the theory that globalization, and free media practices have helped form a globally uniform youth culture; or rather, a culture where the youth aren’t liable to set themselves apart, but prefer to stick to societal norms. Youth Subcultures refer to the cultural preferences and tendencies exhibited by groups of young people which differ from the practices of the dominant groups. Youth cultures often differentiate themselves from others in respect to their musical tastes, distinctive fashion and shared names, which are names that the sub-groups in the youth culture assign to themselves and each other to differentiate them from the others. These names are like rappers, punks, g eeks, and nerds for example (ENCARTA). Frequently, youth subcultures are formed due to differences in social class, gender and ethnicity. The need of youth to express their distinction from (or as a way of rebelling against) the dominant culture by using a different mode of expression, or changing their lifestyle— which reflect their attempt to solve simplify what they perceive are flaws in a society’s make up.'s make up. Youth cultures are often said to have gained popularity after World War II and the boom in the consumer-based boom in the economy which created a market specifically for the youth. However historic evidences also exist of youth cultural groups differentiating themselves from the other age related groups. However most of these youth cultural groups have been found in western society. However in recent years there has been a change observed in the overall atmosphere as instead of youths being specifically divided into sub-groups of their own youth culture, they often tend to shift from one social group to another in no fixed pattern (Kahn and Kellner). The choice of becoming a member of any group they wish is the contemporary aspect to the postmodern society. And this is what will be analyzed throughout the course of this assignment. History of Youth Subcultures Since the 1950's, distinctive youth subcultures have come to the forefront. They seek to be different through their music, their clothing, and their lifestyles. Similarly, members of subcultures seek to show their individuality by being (ironically) choosing to be part of a clique, and sharing a title. Youth subcultures have become an object of study from the 1950's onwards. It has been theorized that the growth of a consumer-oriented society, and the media and advertisers focus on youth and beauty have made youth the dominant culture of Western societies. Subculture theorists study the symbolism attached to clothing, music, and other distinguishing articles (such as body art, and dialect) by members of the subculture and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. According to wikipedia.com, Subculture theorist Dick Hebdige states that the a young individual shows his willingness to be a part of a subculture by making concrete choices in his clothing styles, hairstyles and footwear. However, abstract elements, such as common interests, dialects and slang, music genres and gathering places can also become deciding factors. Youth subcultures are popular as they provide young people with

Commandment Relation to Christ-like Love Essay Example for Free

Commandment Relation to Christ-like Love Essay The commandment I choose which displays three types of Christ-like love is the 8th commandment, Thou shall not steal. The first type of Christ-like love that the commandment Thou shall not steal displays is desiring what is the best for others. Stealing is something that is very wrong. For example, if someone is angry at someone, they might express their anger by stealing their belongings. This is not right. Someone can just approach the person they are angry at, and tell them how they feel about the situation. This is much better for others instead of stealing. The second type of Christ-like love that the commandment Thou shall not steal displays is that it is an emotion and decision. Stealing is a decision that is made when people go through various types of emotions. Some emotions include anger, frustration, mad, stressed, etc. When someone feels like this, they might feel like stealing someones belongings . By making the decision not to steal, it will make someone feel a different type of emotion. They will feel proud because they know that they are doing the right decision instead of doing something bad. Nevertheless, this is why the commandment Thou shall not steal is an emotion and decision. The third type of Christ-like love that the commandment Thou shall not steal displays is walking away from harm. Depending on what is stolen, it can be considered a crime. Nevertheless, anytime of stealing is wrong, no matter how valuable the item is. For example, if someone stole a top from The Gap store, it is considered a crime. In addition to this wrong crime, if someone steals a pencil from a teachers desk it is just as wrong. Even though the pencil isnt as valuable as a top, any type of stealing causes harm. When walking away from this, it saves harm for both the stealer and the victim. Both people will not be involved in any type of stealing situation when showing the Christ-like love of walking away from harm.

Leadership Action Plan Essay

Leadership Action Plan Essay This paper seeks to prepare a personal development plan in my objective to become a leader in an organization. I will analyze the requirements of the targeted job in relation to my inventory of skills including my strengths and weaknesses in relation to the requirement of a goal in mind for which I am willing to know my deficiencies in terms of skills. I will therefore have to make an action plan on how to correct my deficiencies and to improve on my weaknesses to take advantage of my strengths in attaining a target job that I want to have and quality of a person that I want to happen as a result. 2. The Goal, Requirements, Deficiencies and the Strategies 2.1 My goal and its requirements The goal of this plan is to be able to attain the position of Pricing analyst which requires the following: having strong analytical skills and ingenuity to provide logical solutions to nonstandard issues, having a strong mathematical aptitude as well as well developed communication skills (written and verbal), being computer literate (including working knowledge of Excel and Word) and possessing the values of resourcefulness, organizational skills and ability to coordinate activities across company function. It further requires having demonstrated ability to work well under pressure to meet critical deadlines, having the ability to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks and having an exceptional attention to detail and problem solving skills. 2.2 Determined deficiencies and the causes of their perceived causes of having them Using as basis the job requirements and compare the same with my present inventory of skills, I found out that the targeted job requires the need for demonstrated ability to work well under pressure to meet critical deadlines as well as at the ability to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks. I believe this requires utmost patience on the part of person to be hired for the job. A patient person will not be easily being cowed into giving up for pressure as the person would normally consider pressure as part of the job. A patient person will also find the need to adapt to changing priorities and handling multiple tasks to be part of the challenge. I definitely need to be more patient partly because of my attitude of perfectionism which is rather out of proportions sometimes. Further comparison of my inventory of skills with the requirement of the job revealed that my verbal communication skills are weak as may be proved from past experiences when I have delegated tasks to people that resulted to some misunderstandings. I have diagnosed the in many instances times about the reasons for these misunderstandings and I found them in failure to make my instructions in a way that may be fully and intelligently understood. In wrongly believing that my own understanding results to my teammates understanding, I really have made a short cut of effective communication which is creating inefficiency to my job. I find deficiency also in my organizational skills as evidenced by my having overlooked a lot of times important details in my job because of deficient communication skills, failure to delegate and ineffectiveness if making motivations to my people. 2.3 Strategies to address deficiencies with corresponding time table The way I am going to tackle these leadership deficiencies is to set up a plan where I can draw on personal and others feedback. I have talked to my manager, supervisor, and other coworkers and they have agreed to provide feedback to me on these three subjects. I am going to keep a journal, as well, so that I can track my own thoughts and feelings about how I am handling and improving in these tasks. Also, I plan to do some research on all there subjects so that I may obtain further information on these subjects. The following are the things that I plan to do within my time table. Improving Patience On the basis of the above, I found out that I really lacked patience; I have decided to increase my patience in more systematic manner. My high anxiety level, which causes me to get short with people, could really be bad if I will not improve my patience. I am planning to monitor my progress and evaluate myself weekly on my patience levels. In a year I want to get to a point where I can handle any situation, no matter what that entails. I want to get to the point where I dont let my anxiety interfere with my job duties and interactions with other. Having stated earlier that lack of patience may be caused by my attitude of perfectionism, I feel addressing the latter is crucial to my development as a person for the desired job. Perfectionism makes me feel that I should always be imposing to people the highest requirement for many work activities without may be considering their capacities. My strategies for improvement of correction of said perceived caused of lack of patience are to analyze the importance of having something perfect in relation to realistic goals of every activity. Since every activity may have its deadline, I would devised an improve schedule so that I will not push myself unnecessarily on things. But since I may never know if I am progressing on this activity, I would measure my progress and my criteria for measuring the same would be to have less frustration with progress while ensuring that work is still successfully accomplish. The time table for this is one month intervals Improving communication One of the requirements of the targeted job is having a strong mathematical aptitude as well as well developed communication skills (written and verbal). Finding my skills to be lacking in this respect, I have decided to effectively improve my verbal communications skills continually by relying on feedback from manager and supervisors in my present job as well as peers and family and friends. In my own analysis what is causing my poor communication is the spontaneous and impulsive comments to teammates as I perceived bad comments in return making such irresponsive comments which offend their feelings, hence I would really need to reflect on how my comments would affect others. This is in addition to developing of course and an effective communication plan verbally and in writing. To know whether I would be progressing I would be recording my observance of the absence of negative peer reactions as well as my observation of positive oral feedback from family and friends. I am also giving month intervals ask for feedback from peers and family/friends Improving organization skills Organization will be one of my other big hang-ups and I think this should be evaluated daily by keeping a journal of my tasks as well as a calendar to avoid mistakenly overlooking anything. I believe this will take time to improve, and with the help of my observations, research, and others feedback, I could o be proficient in the skills within the next three years. For the meantime I have short goals as explained below. One way to improve this is to through having the skill to improve delegation. My rather poor delegation is basically rooted in the fear of poor teammate contributions resulting in team failure. I believe this could be corrected by building on trust with my team mates by being first becoming a trust worthy person. Delegation entails trusting people to do it with confidence to their abilities under given circumstances. In the case of team mates, I would have to realize the extent also of my influence so that I would not be ending up delegating everything. In addition I should be developing a system of evaluations of teammates since it is only in giving them the proper feedback that they would have the chance to improve themselves. The time table for this of course, requires that at checkpoints of project, I will have to assess feelings of comfort of myself and my teammates and address any problems immediately as may be necessary. Another way of correcting this perceived weakness is to utilize an equal work policy. Under this arrangement, some my teammates would not necessarily be burdened with having more than expected and this will have a chance of reducing really the fear of poor teammate contributions resulting in team failure. Still another way of accomplishing this strategy is for me to build in checkpoints for making sure that projects are on time. This simply means that making a reliable schedule to monitor and follow through that projects are on in fact accomplished on time. As a way of measuring my progress in this strategy, I would have to be chance to measure my progress, with myself personally performing less work that would result to utilizing more time to proper and maximum functioning of my teammates. This development should also be seen in my new developed ability to trust teammates that would lead more to better relationships with them by having a confidence in the result of their work. Another way to improve organizational skills is to improve my forcefulness in motivating people. As a consequence of poor communication skills, my capacity to motivate or move people is just as limited to a great extent. My strategies for this target is includes attend additional classes on leadership (Erez, M. et. al, 2001), reading pertinent books on motivation (Maddock and Fulton, 1998) and utilizing an effective communication. Motivation on organization is a big deal since organization basically involves people who need to have the internal drive to what they need to do. Given the fact that organization may not provide every thing what workers may need, I can top a great potential from them by knowing each of my team mates and really find out what drives to excel of perform better in their job. I would only be able to verify the attainment of these targets if there are positive responses of others to my improved motivational skills. If small goals get accomplished I would be pretty sure that I making a great motivation job on my teammates more often Another way of measuring the accomplishment of this strategy is the reality of having an accomplished goals and positive team responses. The time table to evaluate others responses and behaviors would be to undertake each monthly. 3. Conclusion Based on the above plans I believe I would be able to attain the target of becoming a price analyst. The requirements of the targeted position are very clear and I was honest enough to use the requirements to gauge whether I could actually satisfy the same. Driven therefore by the realization that I needed some skills, I should have the courage to correct my deficiency by tracing what are the behaviors that are causing me not to have the much desired requirements of the targeted position in terms of skills. I have categorized the some major requirements of the job as requiring the value of patience from the need for demonstrated ability to work well under pressure to meet critical deadlines as well as at the ability to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks. So important is the value of patience in the job and which I have carefully analyzed could be acquired by training me to consider work pressures as normal consider s part of the job that would also help me to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks to be part of the challenge. Improving communication between me and the people in the organization was could be by addressing the behavioral cause, that is the spontaneous and impulsive comments to teammates that I commit sometimes based from perceived bad comments. I would just have to stop offending their feelings by my having an honest reflection on how my comments would affect others. This is in addition to developing of course and an effective communication plan (Thorson and Moore, 1996) verbally and in writing which may involved the applicable of basic principles of effective communication that would be read in theory and experience if the actual workplace. Getting the right feedback from peers and friends would accomplish much for this. Improving my communication skill is also closely related with improving organization skills which I will have to develop over time through my observations, research, and others feedback. Having targeted to be proficient in the skills within the next three years, I believe would be realistic enough considering my targeted developed skills for communication. To improve organization skill requires me to improve delegation which I found to having been restricted by my fear of poor teammate contributions resulting in team failure. Being correctible by building on trust with my teammates by being first becoming a trust worthy person, I believe that my decision to delegation put me in the very right path to fully attain an integrated organizational skill (Heller et. al., 1998). I am however cautioned by knowing some limits in my planned delegation by doing still what I need to do best under the circumstances in avoiding to delegating everything. By my honest development of a system of evaluations of teammates, that would give them the proper feedback, I am hoping for the best about the accomplishment of this plan. Appendix: Chart of Personal Development Plan Skill to Improve Causes of Behaviors Strategies Measurement Time table for Assessing Progress Patience Perfectionism Analyzing the bad effects of too much perfectionism Making a working schedule Effective delegation to team mates -reduced frustration -successful accomplishment of work without much stress Will be monitored monthly Delegation Fear of poor teammate performance Make a system of evaluation of teammates Make an à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“equal work policy. Making sure that deadlines are followed Less work to be performed more time for the main requirement of the job Assess feeling of teammates if delegation is received with respect Effective Communication Irresponsible and impulsive comments Reflect on the effect of comments and reduce the same if necessary Design and effective communication plan Absence of negative peer reactions Positive feedback from friends, managers and supervisors Must be confirmed monthly Motivation Poor oral and written communication skills Read good books on communication skills. Attend seminars related to Office communications Willingness of others to have more responsibilities Attained output targets Evaluation should be done monthly or as often as possible

Society’s Change in OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay

Society’s Change in O'Connor's A Good Man is Hard to Find   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In her short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O’Connor seems to portray a feeling that society as she saw it was drastically changing for the worse. O’Connor obvious displeasure with society at the time the story was written is most likely her religious and conservative upbringing in the â€Å"old south.† O’Connor shows her point of view through an old woman named the grandmother. She uses the grandmother to depict Evidence of society’s demise is woven into the story, and presented through an interesting generational gap between the old and the new (the grandmother and her family). O’Connor use of irony throughout the story is a clear representation of the way in which she portrays the events yet to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The grandmother is by far the most outstanding of O’Connor characters. Although all the characters contribute to the theme of the story the grandmother contributes the most because through her O’Connor’s views and opinions about society are expressed. The grandmother, the protagonist, is developed as bossy, manipulative, and grouchy. Not only is she random and frivolous, but she also demonstrates hypocrisy. †Aren’t you ashamed?† she ask when June Star insults the owner of Red Sammy’s Barbeque, but experiences no personal shame when stating that â€Å"little niggers in the country don’t have things like we do.† (383) John Wesley and June Star have little if any respect for their parental grandmother....

Hamlet, the Melancholy One Essays -- A Level Essays

Hamlet, the Melancholy One      Ã‚   Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet features the most famous protagonist in English literature – Hamlet. Inseparable from his character is the melancholy which permanently afflicted him. This essay concerns itself with this aspect of Hamlet.    Harry Levin explains the choices open to the melancholy hero in the General Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare:    The explanation of Hamlet, â€Å"What a piece of work is a man!† (II.ii.303), carries an ironic reverberation. His melancholy gaze looks up and down: skyward toward â€Å"this brave o’erhanging firmament† and earthward toward the grave. Those two portraits which he shows to the Queen illustrate man’s potentialities for good and for evil. The scale ascends or descends with the spiritual and carnal aspects of his dual nature; he can aspire to be a godlike Hyperion or else can grovel like a brutal satyr. Hamlet’s existential dilemma echoes the self-interrogations of Montaigne, not merely through the language of John Florio’s translation but in its ambiguous balance between scepticism and faith.(8)    Hamlet’s melancholy did not prevent his choosing the more noble of the options available. But let’s begin at the start: It is obvious that from the very outset of this tragedy there is a melancholic protagonist. And the depressing aspect of the initial imagery of the drama tend to underline and reinforce Hamlet’s melancholy. Marchette Chute in â€Å"The Story Told in Hamlet† describes some of this imagery of the opening scene:    The story opens in the cold and dark of a winter night in Denmark, while the guard is being changed on the battlements of the royal castle of Elsinore. For two nights in succession, just as the bell strikes t... ...Greenhaven Press, 1996. Excerpted from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Rosenberg, Marvin. â€Å"Laertes: An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware Press, 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.   

The Positive and Negative Impacts of Technology on Family Life

The Positive and Negative Impacts of Technology on Family Life â€Å"Is technology tearing apart family life? Text messaging, social networking, and online video are changing the way parents and children see the world—and each other. † There are many technologies in today’s world that are widely used not just as a want, but as a necessity of life. This term paper will focus on relationship between family life and computer technologies, which have become the most widely used technology in the world due to its variety of functions including SNS, mailing, online face-to-face video chatting, and assignment completing tools. Computer technologies have both positive and negative effects on family life. As more and more families are beginning to own their own computers (computer internet users in North America reached to about â€Å"78. 3 %†) , the effects of technologies on family life is becoming more easily identifiable. This term paper will come across both the benefit and negative effects of using technologies on family life. There are the negative effects which include the isolation of family members, and parents bringing their work home. On the other hand, linking relatives together is one positive effect that technologies have on family life, and being instantly updated on other family members’ status is also a huge benefit. Overall, the benefits of using technologies outweigh the negative effects. One negative effect of computers on family life is less face-to-face contact between family members. In most families, each family member has their own computers or smart phones that are kept in their own rooms. Nowadays, the functions of computers and smart phones are not just limited to internet surfing, and assignment tools. They are also widely used for social networking services (SNS), such as; Facebook, Skype, and Twitter just to name a few. As a result of the increasing time consumption of using the functions on computers, family members are now more isolated from each other and cannot talk to each other face to face as often as before when technologies were not as important in day to day living. Even when there is only one computer per family, there is an interruption with family life. If one person is using the computer, then other family members do not want to just wait while the computer is being used, so they will go to a different room and each person will end up using the computers at their own leisure. The use of computer games is another thing that has reduced human contact between family members. Before computers were used in the home, if someone wanted to play a game, they usually had to find at least one other family member to play a board game or card game with them. That forced families to spend more time talking to each other. Now if someone wants to play a game that requires more than one person, they can just go on the computer and either play online against another person, or they can play against the computer. Playing games on the computer makes it easier to be isolated from physical contact with other family members. Now that you don’t have to ask person in your family to play a game, most families don’t spend as much time talking to each other and learning about each other. Another negative cause that computers have on family life is that many people now bring their work home with them instead of leaving it at work the way they used to. People’s work is now invading the privacy of their home. People find that it is easier and more convenient to work at home, so they bring their work home allowing it to invade their home. When people bring home their work, it separates families by causing parents to spend more time at home working, and less time with their family causing parents to not know as much about what is going on in their children’s lives. Bringing work home separates families, making them not as close knit as they would be if they spent more time together talking. Computer technologies have not just had negative effects on families; they have also had some positive ones. The use of Social Networking Service (SNS) through computer is one of the positive effects that technologies have had on families. With the use of computer functions such as; e-mail, Messengers, Twitter, and Skype, families can take care of things that they would otherwise have to leave the home to take care of. Using SNS also allow families to communicate with other family members who might not live close by. For example, I Skype (free online webcam chatting) my father in Korea at least twice a week. Without the use of SNS I wouldn’t be able to communicate with him nearly as much because phone bills would be too expensive for me to afford. So, because of SNS I am able to remain close to my father even though he is in Korea, and I am in Canada. A second positive effect that technologies have had on families is the use of instant texting service. This allows families to talk to each other and have a fairly normal conversation with each other even though they might not be in the vicinity. I personally use instant text messaging services to talk to my parents, my sister, and my relatives regularly because it keeps them updated on what is happening with me on a daily basis. While I am at school, I am still able to stay in touch with everyone back home without having to call each one of them separately. For many people who are away at school, instant texting services allow them to stay in touch with friends and family even though they are not at home. A third positive effect that technologies have had on families is computer web pages (Facebook). Web pages allow families to post pictures of themselves and other family members so that everyone in the family can go to the web page and view the pictures. My sister has a web page that explains things about her, and it has pictures of her and friends. One of my other uncles who lives in Korea also has his own web page. On his web page, he has pictures of his baby daughter. By going to my uncle’s web page, I have been able to see pictures of my baby cousin as she has grown and changed. Many other families have web pages similar to my families that they use to watch their families change even though they are not in the same country. In conclusion, the negative effects of using technologies posed can essentially be overcome by use of SNS technology through computer or phone. When there is lack of human contact between the family members, then Skype can be used to perform online face-to-face chatting. The use of technologies also proved to be more efficient when each family member want to be updated on each others’ status. Without the use of technology, instant messaging system would not be possible, so the relatives or family members would not be able to interact with each other as easily. APA 6th edition reference 1. Miniwatts Marketing Group (MARCH 31, 2011). WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICS. Retrieved from http://www. internetworldstats. com/stats. htm 2. Chris Barylick (June 21, 2001). Technology and Social Isolation. Retrieved from http://www. irchelp. org/irchelp/misc/tech. html 3. Gary Small, M. D. (June 19, 2009). Is Technology Fracturing Your Family. Retrieved from http://www. psychologytoday. com/blog/brain-bootcamp/200906/is-technology-fracturing-your-family.

Evaluate how school policies and procedures may be developed and communicated

In my setting policies and procedures are developed and communicated on an ongoing basis. Various teachers are responsible for individual policies based on their experience, training and knowledge. Each individual policy is available in the school office for reference via hard paper copy or electronically.If an issue arises that needs discussion which is not addressed by the school’s policies, a meeting will be scheduled were all interested parties will attend. At this meeting each attendee contributes ideas and initially a draft policy will hopefully be agreed. This draft policy will then be presented by the head teacher to the board of governors for their approval. If it is approved and falls within the domain of the national curriculum the new policy will have to be trained out to all the relevant staff and perhaps even parents and children.At my setting policies are monitored on an ongoing basis and are updated where necessary. Sometimes the local education authority may r equire a new policy to be introduced to the school. Again all existing staff may require training to ensure the new policy is communicated and implemented satisfactorily which may involve communication with others such as children, parents or other professional bodies. In my setting policies are communicated in a number ways.It can be written, for example classroom rules may be displayed on a poster and hung in a high profile area of the room. It can be verbal, for example the principal may present at the school assembly a topic of concern and what the school policy is for this concern. Letters and e mail, for example these can be posted to parents informing them of any new or change to current policy. This is often used when a written signed confirmation note is required back from the parents.To conclude the best way to inform all of school policy would be a one to one meeting between the head teacher and the relevant people. Unfortunately this would be highly impractical due to th e additional workload required and the time factor involved. Where the head teacher feels it would be of benefit to do a mass presentation to parents this is highly appropriate on a couple of occasions throughout the school year to gain parents attention but is important not to overdo it.

Formal report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Formal report - Essay Example The company has a diverse customer base and thus the resources to improve the relationships between customers, employees and management, among others. The importance of leadership is highlighted in this report while defining the role expected of different players in the business. The report also incorporates the elements of building a proper customer service repertoire. The customer service is to be supported by a charter and standards, which also incorporates the use of norms and organizational practices. The above discussion and recommendations demand that Samsung improves on the employee policy to empower their contributions to customer challenges, by developing an employee well versed with the company operations, in different product departments, to improve on knowledge directed towards customer-service In this way, stronger customer loyalty will be built that leads to better company image and increasing revenue. The report concludes with the provision of a conclusion based on fi ndings, and recommendations that would improve on how the company relates with customers. The paper limits the study to the electronics branch of the business. This paper covers challenges that are faced by Samsung’s customer relations. Samsung has two challenges in customer relations. Customer service representatives experience high pressure because they receive many negative emotions and hear lots of complaints, and the working environment is not as comfortable as other clerical jobs, in retrospect to the nature of the job. The principles of customer service (integrity, respect, and accountability) must be integrated with the customer relations policy in Samsung’s approach to dealing with their clients, under customer support. The company has a diverse customer base and thus the resources to improve the relationships between customers, employees and management, among others. The importance of leadership is highlighted in this report while defining the role

Pros and Cons of Online Education Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pros and Cons of Online Education - Thesis Example This paper stresses that online education is technology dependent. This form of education relies on technologies of the certain specification as dictated by the service provider or e-learning supplier. This may become a huge challenge for students because not every student has technological appliances that meet those specifications. The ability of e-learning to become effective depends on the ability of students to utilize it. Online learning requires high bandwidth capabilities, which is not readily available. The speed of bandwidth varies significantly from one service provider to the next, which can affect learning. Material incompatibility is another factor that affects online learning. Most online learning materials are designed to suit a particular system, for instance, Microsoft, which is not compatible to with systems that use Apple Macintosh system. Although, setting standards will help in this area, it will also restrict the access to online education. Online education is n ot for everyone, especially people with disabilities. This essay makes a conclusion that the University was not just introduced to impart knowledge; it is a place where leisure and work existed side by side, shaping one another, and each playing its role in generating a graceful and well-formed personality. A reader today, is more likely to accept Newman’s views about university, as he describes it; it is an institution of irreplaceable value.